The bill threatens tariffs of up to 100% against major buyers of Russian energy—but it still needs the House, and enforcement would hinge on waivers and buyer compliance.
The measure targets the five largest importers of Russian oil or gas and the five leading facilitators of sanctions evasion. It also sanctions Russian officials, banks, state companies and shadow-fleet vessels, and extends the Iran Sanctions Act through 2031. The president may waive penalties after certifying that a waiver serves the national interest and reporting it to Congress.
